China, May 18

Hong Kong

Arrived Saturday night on the D’Artagnon, spent evening with M. Vasellie.

Sunday : Went to see Barretts, June and Ruth, bathed, had wonderful welcome from the children.

Monday : Mail, 30 letters, splendid. Bought Chinese pictures, five for $55. Dined with Barrett (Lt)

Tuesday : Rotary, tiffin with Barretts, Golonbew on Angkor. Was asked to speak on how Lloyd George wrote memoirs, did so. Had no idea it was broadcast until Bow told me later.

What a contrast to Japanese courtesy!

Went on board the Chichibu Maru, a fine boat. On two days I read my notes to Barrett, who thought they’d make a good book.

Friday : Mr Morris, Mr Ip and Mrs Langley took me to the island of (blank space) to see clinic. Morris "You’ll have a pain in your ‘Billy Howell’".

Saturday : Dinner with Mr Ip. Wrote articles for W.M and interview with Araki f or MG.

H Ch (Prince Chamber of Commerce)

Hong Kong is the only place in the Empire which has no quota against Japanese goods. They recognise pecuniary position of Hong Kong.

Of all the cotton goods coming in 90% are re-exported to China and this being a free port it would have the incentive to control the 10%, we’d have had to set up customs organisation to control it. Wouldn’t have paid. Would have interfered with the trade with China. Textiles imported by British and other firms by them are sold to Chinese dealers and these have their own distribution system throughout S. China.  Foreign firms can finance the transactions and would be the technical experts.

Competition from N. China is the most serious factor. Chinese textiles growing.

Chinese gunboats in the Chinese Navy do a tremendous amount of smuggling from Hong Kong to Canton and more than half rest in Junks and fast motor boats.

Ocean going boats can’t be taken to Canton, odours?, banks here etc.

Dentist. That dentist’s cabinet cost me £8. In England it would cost £80. It came from Japan.

Large quantities of goods are being stamped here with British names and sold in China, although they were really made in Japan.

Preparation for Journey

Gerald "Be careful of footpads, I don’t think there’ll be bands of armed robbers, but some of the Sampan owners are in league with village thugs and a white man travelling by himself Is grand prey. They probably wouldn’t kill you just beat you up and take your money."

"So go to the magistrate before the river journey and ask for 2 armed guards, pay them $5 each. Get a coolie to carry your luggage, otherwise you’ll lose face. They’ll think your an unemployed Russian looking for work."  After dinner in our rooms we went to Yorke's rooms (6b Hankow Road, Kowloon) and got Li. He came sleepily but smiling in a black silk gown, close round the neck.  

"Friend want go Canton Hankow. Want write letters."

Li grinned, you would not think that he was a keen Buddhist, meditated 3 hours a day, refused to touch food where there might be animal. He took the pen and work of art.

Li wrote out slowly and carefully, (see the matter of time). He has to write his very best. It is a matter of face. He judges people by the elegance of their handwriting. He writes a good letter, because he used to be a letter writer in Manchuria to and had to write to General Hsueh Liang. It is painting not writing.  Get visiting cards with "Yo Nen Sse", lofty mountain, studying, reflecting.  Do not delay giving your card if someone gives you card, because the man who gives you the card loses face. The most important gives the card last.

O’Neill "Be very careful, there are remnants of communist bands still in that area."

G.J ."I’d like to see the consul’s face when you tell him you’re going to Changsha!"

Hong Kong Trade    Imports from

April 1934 April 1935

UK $2,135,932 $2,100,791

Japan $2,605,595 $3,545,437

USA $2,501,228 $1,760,577

Statistics for the 1st quarter of 1925 show that, as compared with the same quarter of 1934, China, Japan, USA, France, Indo China, Germany, British Malaya, Australia and Belgium enjoyed increased shares in the import trade while UK, N.E. I, Siam and India declined.

The share of the import trade enjoyed by the UK has steadily declined from 14.8% in 1st quarter of 1932 to 12% in 1933, 8.8% in 1934 and 7.5% in the first quarter of 1935. (cash values)

Share of Import trade

1st quarter

1931 1932 32 33 34 35

China 26.9 27.2 25.4 28.8 33.5 33.8

Japan 9.3 3.4 2.7 4.2 8.1 10.3

UK 10.6 12.3 14.8 12.0 8.8 7.5

USA 7.8 7.4 8.9 9.0 5.9 8.4

Cotton goods

percentage

1931 32 33 34

UK 37.0 52.0 32.0 12.0

N.China 12.3 23.0 36.0 42.5

Japan 37.6 12.0 22.0 38.7

Interest on mortgages.

Property mortgages average all banks

1920 23 30 34

8.66 10.01 7.81 6.53

Our rubber shoes are made in Hong Kong with Malay rubber, Manchester cotton should go British without duty, big rubber interests determined to obstruct entry into the British market. Application of quota would be futile.

Set Wednesday January 23, 1935, beware the rates of exchange.

Import of chemicals

Chemicals which came formerly from Germany, (Soda bicarbonate, soda etc. etc.) Now come from Japan. (commercial chemicals)

Cement coming in here from Japan is one third of the British price and same in quality. You cannot expect a contractor to buy British cement when he can get it from Japan much cheaper.

Chinese Merchant

"Japan is our neighbour, and when there is a brisk market for their goods, on a telegram being sent their goods can come within 10 days to meet such market. How rapid and convenient that is! Britain and Europe is too far away from Asia in respect of all classes of goods, an order must be given for the goods to be made half a year beforehand. Fashion in goods assumes a new form from day to day and the price of goods changes even from evening to evening. Often the fashion in goods when ordered is obsolete when they arrive from England. Who is the man who possess’s a farseeing eye and can decide beforehand that the goods he orders will find a good market? Thus it is that when ordering goods from a British firm, one cannot assure oneself that he has made a good bargain. On the contrary one is more likely to be standing in circumstances of danger".

a) When goods are not up to sample, they are not allowed to be returned to the vendor.

b) The foreign firms are not accommodating. eg. in 1925 after the crisis had begun and the steamers had ceased to run and communication had been cut off, goods could not be moved about, so there was inevitably a sluggish market for them. But the foreign firms would not agree to take this into consideration and repeatedly compelled people to take delivery of the goods. The piece goods shops found it difficult to meet the situation and several tens of them failed and closed business.

The Japanese constrain themselves in many ways in order to suit circumstances. On the other hand the Western firms look upon their constraints as a divine ordinance which must not be violated. If improvement is not speedily affected, although the purchasers may put up with the unfairness and bear their suffering quietly, it is feared that their affection towards the vendors may thin out and the Japanese will avail themselves of the opportunity to gain an advantage for themselves and this is what is meant when we say "You are driving the fish into the pond and the birds into the forest."

I have ventured thus to lay out my insignificant views and would submit them to the consideration of your high and clear intelligence."

(Yik Ki Chow)

The Chamber of Commerce stromgly advocated mutual forbearance, critical situation in 1925-6. Majority of European firms were most lenient to the dealers. Dealers who went bankrupt did so through the strike and boycott. They were the victims of their own countryman’s political agitation.

Russians

"The defeat of the Russians by the Japanese is a far lesser cause of the decline of white prestige than the humiliation inflicted on the Russians in China."

Russians are ousting the British in Shanghai. Even British firms prefer the pick of the Russians to young fellows from England.

Postmaster General

China is going to industrialise nimble workers and skilled. "They can handle a loom as well as Professor Einstein." Yes, I think the Japs will want to have Macao.  Be careful, keep an eye on young.

Shipping

Steamers, arrivals, tonnage

1931 1932 1933 1934

UK 5,781,800 6,104,600 6,010,300 6,000,700

Japan 3,347,700 2,779,900 2,578,000 2,508,500

Total tonnage

Shipping not so bad.

Skyscrapers of banks going up in Hong Kong.

Trade Commissioner

1) Yes, there is a lot of Macao stuff. The Japs wanted to have control of certain areas. They wanted a contract to build the waterworks. You can bring boat up to 6,000 tons there. Great place for smuggling into South China.

2) The Canton Government has bought four Japanese aeroplanes and they’ve got rid of the British advisors and have put in Japanese. Smuggling is terrific.

Jap influence in Canton.

(See Warner in Shanghai).

Ysgrifennydd i Colon

Macao Yes, there is truth in Macao. The Japs want to get a footing there. It would be better than Canton because of the trouble and hatred they would find in Canton.

In Canton there is now typical example of playing one country against the other. They’ve got land prepared for a port and they say "If you British don’t buy then the Japanese will. They’ve made a good offer."

High Dollar It is terrible, it makes it impossible for us to sell our goods abroad; helps the Japanese goods. It is now 2/5. How can we expect ships to be repaired here if they have to pay so much? We have lost a lot that way. The ships go to Nagasaki or even get repaired in Canada. We cannot reduce wages without a strike.

Number of our factories are closed, can’t compete. Also the Chinese tariff is against us.

League of Nations Conventions

We sign, China signs but it is very unfair, because Chinese never carry them out. They have beautiful regulations on paper. eg deratisation of ships. We set up Inspectors to examine the ships for rats. In Canton you can get a certificate of deratisation just by paying ‘squeeze’. The population cannot afford to buy goods other than cheap Japanese goods.

Owain Hughes

5) Chinese gun boats are great smugglers.

6) Japanese have their fishing vessels from Aleutian Islands to Singapore. What will happen if the Filipinos sink a few fishing vessels. They have fine motor boats for smuggling. Impossible to stop the smuggling here.

7) Japanese gun boat came here a few days ago. Went to Canton, came back with load of bombs. Probably the Cantonese found them deficient.

8) Chinese industry no good.

Japs are contented with their rice etc. Wonderful organisation.

(Navy Captain, bandits out of Canton.)

Friday night May 31

Dined with acting Colonial Secretary, Mr & Mrs Bratsman.  View from peak, one of the most wonderful in the world, as is the view from Kowloon of lights of Hong Kong. Thick mist on top, mysterious, like London. "Japan insists Chinese Troops quit Peking!" Army obviously got out of hand.

Saturday. June 1st

Waved until the train was out of sight. Goodbye, Hong Kong. Train went into (sentence unfinished).

CHINA

As soon as across the frontier, soldiers with rifles came in, looking most boyish and harmless. Hills around covered with  graves and pots of bones. We passed floods, rice fields covered.

I "You go Canton?" Girl "1 go Canton"

I "You like Hong Kong?"

Girl "I like Hong Kong, you like Hong Kong?"

I "I like Hong Kong" silence "You like Kung Fu Tsu?" (get name from Bough, I was reading about Confucius).

Girl "I like Kung fu Tsu, you like Kung Fu Tsu?" I "I like Kung Fu Tsu. Kung Fu Tsu good man?"

Girl "Yes, Kung Fu Tsu good man. You speak Chinese?" I "I no speak Chinese"

We arrived at Canton after girl went to sleep, head of black hair on arms in train.

Canton, chaos everywhere, going here, there, everywhere, coolies. Car from Reuters waiting packed paper inside, saw the two girls waiting, packed them in, pretty one almost on my knee, nearly knocked many down, through disordered streets, bright signs, strange shops.  We dropped the girls in what seemed to be slum areas, they disappeared down a narrow alley with high grey stone walls on each side, after promising to come to hotel at 9 O’clock.

Bough and I motored to Shameen, came to bridge guarded by Sikh with great iron gate and barbed wire. Canal packed with Sampans. A stone pointed to place where Chinese had shot at Shameen 1925.Went to Reuters, saw Ling, returned to the Hotel, bath. Bough came with beautifully chicly dressed girl and we dined in his room, birds nest soup.

At 9.10 knock at door, procession of two girls and a brother, smiles all sit down, I make many futile attempts to go to the cinema. At last rise, we go to cinema, sit next to "Sylvia", clutches hand, we see bombs, aeroplanes in a Manchurian film, they say, Chinese being shot down by Japanese.

Fascinating to see the letters dance in advert, how they form into words, leaping here and there, springing from nowhere.

Before cinema Miss Syu spits.  In cinema says : "I am poor girl"

I "sorry no money" She replies "No so I am pure girl". After cinema she says "Like walk tomorrow?" I "Very much like walk".

She "Come 4 O’clock"

They take me for a ride around city, pouring rain, terrific. Up into hills, look down upon the lights of Canton, huge city and so grand.

 New Asia Hotel

1st night in Chinese bed, went to room, no mosquito net, funny!  Get into bed, hard pillow with two soft pillows. Great rug, bright red and one linen sheet. Each little move and I slither, can’t understand. I look and find a straw mat in bed underneath the linen sheet. It is polished from much wear. I toss a little, off goes the rug, off goes the linen sheet. I am on the mat, slither slide on bed. Then buzzing of mosquitoes, bite, bite, I hit. Slither so much that I try the sofa. Buzzing and all the mosquitoes of Canton came like an air raid. Bite, bite 2 o’clock, 3, 4 strike at last I discover mosquito net, get to sleep before 5.

Noises, Canton beats New York. Strange music until late, hooting Is like Majestic leaving New York, all hoot. "Root for the love of hooting, hoot for the honour of hooting". What is the poem   Then the bells of the sellers, then sound of sticks.

Sylvia’s birthday. Got up late, coffee and toast in bed, read the Critic, went to Bough’s room. Ling came, we had lunch at New Asia, read.

At 4, Miss Sylvia and friend came, family downstairs. Off we went in car, stopped went down alley, grey walls, stopped outside door with wooden bars. Sylvia shouted, the bars slid to one side, man with pock marked face came, we entered hail, marble floor, pictures in silk of flowers and gay birds on walls, chairs of blackwood. They led me through court, where little pond and design of Heron catching fish on the wall; trees going up to sky, a little dark in the courtyard because of the high walls, the entrance to the next hail was guarded by a huge high iron grill, inside picture of Sun Yatsen, also 2 pictures of General.

"General Choy, my father, now in Hong Kong said plump girl. Blackwood furniture with marble with designs, mountains etc. Took me into Drawing room, picture of Tiger, picture of Mountains hanging down, many mirrors with modern furniture, rather careless aspect everywhere. Gramophone, electric light, slave girl came in smoking cigarette, tea offered.

Sylvia "Have you a wife?"

I "No wife"

Sylvia "Why no wife? Have you a sweetheart in Hong Kong?...

Shanghai?.... America?... England?... Singapore?... Who are more pretty, American girls or Japanese girls?"

Then took photos in the garden where trees and flowers in pots, spittoons everywhere. Men do not wait for women to go through doors first. They were surprised when I did.

We walked to Sun Yat Sen’s Memorial, up the stairs, great view, down again, then taxi to Restaurant. Fine meal, soup, chicken. They heard song "Soup, soup beautiful soup". Took me back to the hotel.

Cvnovchiolydd ~ gwlad

The Japs have been trying to get into Macao. They tried to buy the waterworks. They asked the Port. Government their price, but we’ll checkmate them. Here the Japs are anxious to have an inland port which the Chinese have built.

Kwangsi is trying with the Japs. They have sent away British aviation advisors and have engaged Japanese aviation advisors and have bought Japanese aeroplanes.  Chiang Kal Shek has succeeded in stopping the opium coming down from Yunnen into Kiangsi and that deals a bad blow to Kiangsi. Sometimes Kiangsi used to get 10 to 20 million dollars from the opium revenue and so a big loss.

Marshall Chen Chi Tang has made a lot of money, and his brother, the salt Commissioner who is known as the No 1 smuggler of the South West has still more. So if they want to they can easily run off and lead their lives in a British colony.

There is a growth of the movement for state monopolies and Stat Socialism. They want monopoly in silk, but I think the sil] affiliations will defeat that. They have the monoply in Wolfram etc.

Here is De facto independence here.

The real ruler is the Marshal Chen Chi Tang.

They’re building factories but I’m afraid it will ruin them They’ll tax the poor who won’t be able t~ buy the goods of the  State Factories. They built a sugar refinery, but when it came to the time of the opening they did not have enough sugar can.

So they cut down the cane in the experimental field! The American advisor has been furious about it. That’s typical

Chinese, all for the show!

Rotary Lunch The form of the address is "Look See!".

House described, "It’ll hold 80! 20 inside, 20 more if they will stay on the verandah and 40 more if they will stay in the garden".

Monday. June

King’s birthday, holiday is Shameen, strolled to see the Flower Boats with Bough, saw selling snakes to eat.

2 O’clock. arrived General Choy’s home. talked, photos. Two Chinese came, went walking, car, great scene, bargaining, laugh of scorn, at last, turn round O.K. Nine of us in the car, through the hills covered with graves to Saho, streets crowded with soldiers in blue uniforms and school caps. Look like school boys, very funny. First army division camp. Horsemen came, tin~ horses. Some soldiers carried string of provisions. Looked very young and very dumb (spelt Dumm), they stared at me with open mouths and all the soldiers turned round. One even stepped out of rank and stopped and looked round at me.

Cinema, Film, girl very sad, betrayed, took ages to open door, took twice as long to open next door, juSt like slow motion, very, very slow action.  Saw girls their with their mamas, or old women who made the bargains for the girls.

Outside, dark street, opium "Look See" all opium smokers grin, one boy about 19, "Come, Smoke" "Look See". "Come sit down" Sat down and watched the boy and old man. Boy prepared opium, black thick liquid, put on needle, placed over flame, it bubbled, twisted the needle, played with it, rolled it on glass, deftly made it into a hard pellet, put it in the old man’s pipe, placed it over glass the opium pellet bubbled and fizzled, the old man inhaled it with a gurgle and leaned back smiling. "You want smoke?"

Rickshaw to hotel.

Tuesday. June

Shameen, Consul General Poterytif fin.

Went to see Mayor’s secretary. Crowd skinning lizards alive, two skinned lizards and one live one on cord which man took away cost 30 cents (about Sd).

In hotel boys say "Hallo!" which means "good morning" or "how do you do?" or "What can I do for you sir?".

Tried to write article but very difficult to write.

At lunch the Dean of the University said that Confucius is held in higher esteem than Lao Tsu; ie. The practical before the mystical.

Squabble among rickshaw drivers outside Dollar Line office, had forgotten my man.

Thursday

1) External, no such great danger if oppose the Japs, too far away.

2) Internal, Ru Han Mia uses it to attack Chiang Kal Shek, whom he accuses of betraying the principles of Kuomintry. He launches out on attacks on the Japs.

The army is not so much against the Japs as the civilians. They want to just keep quiet and keep their independence. Do not want Chiang Kal Shek to attack them.

Japan divided,

1) Civils peace, market.

2) Army, N. China will be blow to Shanghai, if Tientsin is made into the chief port. They want to get Inner Mongolia before the Russians are strong enough. Want strong land backing, want Kalgan and right as far as Sinkiary. Look up Ru Han Mm’s address to the Japanese in March when Doihara came here. Their point of view about Japan. Sinkiary Is very much under Bolshevik influence, Family (China) officials there wanted to have children educated in Germany, but No! had to be educated In Moscow.

Wilfred Ling

a) trade to Canton will divert trade from North to South China. Hence British and Japs have been trying to get special privileges. It will make Japan more eager to get a footing in South China. Will enable goods from Formosa to penetrate into Hankow much more quickly.

b) Politically very Important, it may enable Chiang to unify China.

Canton will grow in importance. Several Shanghai banks have now setup branches in Canton.

"Cut of f Japanese head"

"Chinese think God really funny."

Temple, fortunes; made me make gestures of prayer; roared with delight. Lan lit cigarette from candle before image.

Mayor of Canton

a) residents

b) boycott, Japs cannot affect the masses.

c) cement, landed in Swatow.

Hong Kong, Great Britain.

Chiang Kal Shek?

Weak foreign policy. North China result of weak policy. Firm against Jap.

Warmth in Hong Kong and Canton, ever closer relations with Britain.

Dr Kan

Japanese conquest of South China

a) Macao

b) Palintion Islands

d) Pachoi lease

Formosa, good as a Submarine base and Aerial base. Cannot fly Formosa to Canton and back on oil. Must have base. Landed eight vessels, 300 workers, cleared seaweed. Wanted Submarine basin conquest.

When Sun Yat Sen in Japan, a Japanese befriended him, when Sun in power, Japanese asked return of friendship, lease on Philippine Islands, between Saigon, Philippines and Hainan Island, Sun refused.

Pine Oil, No, we want the land, Japs.

Two schools in Japan a) Military b) Diplomatic. Some believe the two quarrel, but another interpretation is that both playing the same game, like our Chinese game when two men, one opens mouth and the other speaks behind, just in phrases.

Co-operation! I say to Japs love and more love. Man wants to marry. Girl I’ll marry you if you let me chop off ear and eyes. ‘No’ When I marry you I’ll chop off whole head.

Chiang Kai Shek should have made more of a fight against the Japanese.

1) Pratas Islands N Swatow

2) Paracelles

Chinese Theatre

Huge crowd, push way through, children yelling, push people out. On stage on sides, crowds of children in chinese dress, high collar, one nearly wanders on, stage hands on side.

Coming in causes commotion, turn around to see man with funny face.

Four nuns all in black. King of Japan (woman) chases nuns.

Four councillors thiry years ago chase the King of Japan.

(Man goes round brandishing two bottles of orangeade) Mother feeding baby. Other baby yells just behind.

Curtain goes down, stage hand comes on smoking cigarette and chases two children who have climbed onto the stage. Band plays weird instruments, drum bangs all the time.

Eat pomolos, children swarm on stage.

Stage hand with singlet with design of Mickey Mouse strolls up and down.

Grand Head dress of actress, and has dragon on stomach with huge eyes. Two great feathers (like pheasant) from the headress.

King of Sea, story 2,00 years ago.

Adverts, marketing Virgin cigarettes. Dirty leg of boy under the curtain. Girls behind drink tea.

Picture of Buddha as scene, shrieks in a shrill voice, huge ear-rings, yellow middle scarf.

Flags of Kuomenoxy and of Canton.

Table on stage with silk cover of beautiful green dragons. (Green dragon becon)

Stage hand comes on with chair in red and white as the actress sings. Stage hand puts cushion on chair and fans himself. Nobody cares about him, quite unselfconcious.

She sits down, stagehand stands near quite oblivious of prominency. Child (very innocent look) (Like Shakespearean days with floods on stage) some squatting on the floor.

Ho Sin Koo

"Long, long ago"

Flap of fans, screech of children, shouts of mother, packed humanity.

Lights on all the time. No lights out.

Little girls in trousers wander on the stage. Four children in purple, pink, blue and grey. Woman in black with long pigtails and four nuns in black on stage each with wand of long horse hair.

Seats of bamboo, actress very much painted, lips rouged. Nun pretends to ring the bell, stands on seat and hits air with stick, ie. scene of church, altar with joss sticks and a silver pot of tea on it. Nuns in black hold hands in prayer. Chief actress on knees in prayer (Christians took these gestures from Asia). She is now in green and white lotus designs.

One plays violin, other plays a wooden flute, strange harmony. Electric lights in footlights.

Lotus flower opens to reveal princess. Curtain scene of modern palace hides the lotus.

Only girl actress.

"Sky Kings"

Stage hand has a fight with boy playing with scenery. One of the boys puts a Chinese newspaper in mouth while he pulls up the curtain.

Cut off Japanese head!

Sa Nya fun tao

June

Japanese Consul General.

Mayor

Our policy is one of great firmness against the Japanese. We are emphatic on that. We will not yield to the Japanese.

First example. In the troubles of 1931 we asked the Japanese to live in the concession in Shameen. Since then they have asked that they should reside in the city. We have refused.

Second Example. The Japanese authorities have asked me to mitigate the effects of the boycott. I have replied "That is a matter for the masses over which I have no control. If they choose not to buy Japanese goods then I cannot force them to do so".

Mayor Doihara’s visit was fruitless. As soon as I met him I asked him how he could expect friendship when Manchuria is still in foreign hands.

One reason why we are against Chiang Kai Shek is that his foreign policy is weak.

We regard Japan’s advance as a result of Chiang Kai Shek’s weakness. He should have made defence in N. China instead of retreating mildly. The Japs take advantage of his weakness.

Journey to Changha Sat June 8 to Tues 11

(Sent letter home) http://www.garethjones.org/articles_far_east/canton_to_changsha.htm

Lok Chung Pingshek

In some rooms of Chinese hotel there is a pair of slippers that is forever England.

We must have patience. We must wait until we are stronger. Then we will be able to attack Japan.

We must first conquer the Communists. Chiang could not fight both at the same time. When the Communists are beaten and when we have built up a strong army then we will be able to fight Soviet and Japan."

One boy said all the while "The savage Japs"

"We must be friendly with Japan first. Be kind to your enemies, then you can learn their weaknesses and grow strong until the time comes to defeat them.

We cannot fight for Peiping and Tsientin because we must defeat the Communists first.

Boycott. We must all buy Chinese goods and not Japanese goods. If we buy Chinese goods we work for the power and unity of China. If we buy Japanese goods we are sending our money to Japan" "No" said another "Why should we buy Chinese goods when we can get a Japanese bicycle for $6. We will be richer if we buy Japanese goods, getting them cheaper."

But nearly all the class was for the boycott.

"To fight the Communists and not Japan is right, because Chiang said so and he is always right.

GJ "Canton?"

"If the Cantonese knew conditions they also would not want to fight now against Japan. We must first have unity.

"The other powers will never allow Japan to take N. China".

Hugh Farley, Charles Campbell, Brank Fulton, Stephen Hull.

Little girl Anne Greene heard that bandits wanted money for the two English missionary prisoners. She saved one dollar, "Send it to the bandits" Was given to German missionary in charge of the negotiations. He sent it to the bandit chief. He sent messenger "That is the first sign that you christians are willing to do something for the prisoners" He became more willing to enter into negotiations.

Miss Tseng

"Asia for the Asiatics’ means ‘Asia for the Japanese’.

The reason why the Japs are attacking N. China now is that they fear Canton is going round to the Central Government and they want to disunite China.

They want to keep China weak and disunited. They don’t want the Communists strong. They were behind the Fukien rebellion.

Chiang Kai Shek does not know how to choose his men. Re is afraid like Mussolini and Stalin and Hitler, of having able men. He is jealous of those with brains. He wants to be the one and only.

We can do nothing, we must merely lay down before the Japs.

The Communists came here. We were marched out under Communist rifles, the girls singing the school song. They burned part of the buildings.

Lakes, ponds, lotus, strange roofs, bridge like willow pattern. On approach of headmistress, girls look at books.

Tuesday night, June11

Terrific storm, sailed on the maiden voyage of the "Wuilin" fine boat.

Wed. June 12

Wrote three articles, entered the Yangste, past Yochow, place where the communists came, huge river.

Chinese girl "Sing to you" traviler

"The sun is in the sky, can understand?

"The fish are in the sea, can understand?

"The sun greets the fish can understand?

"But the fish are under water can understand?

Not above water, but under water "1 cannot get the fish can understand?

"my boat no stay steady, go up, go down

"Oh, I want to catch the fish and sell them, get money" Velly beautiful song.

Doctor Outerbridge, many coming in with starvation disease.

At night, lights of Hankow.

Hankow

Called to see Ian Spiridion, British Consulate. Japanese not very active here. There is not much feeling against the Japs, no boycott. The Japs still have their concession. We gave up our concession and it works well, it was the right policy at the wrong time.

The Japs have the bulk of the trade in textiles. We are practically out of it except In some good quality goods. The Germans have a good market in steel.

At that time, just after the war the Japanese military and Naval people were discussing North or South policies, including Manch. or D.E.I.

When Jellicoe decided the Singapore base, the Southern school lost and the northern school became uppermost.

"We Chinese have suffered for that, but the British and the Dutch have gained."

Moss

The Japs would certainly go to the Philippines.

He put before me a great scheme, unification of European interests in the Far East. Japan is the menace. Unless we unite and drop our differences, Japan will go forward and conquer all. We must have great investments here and then get the support of Governments.

Moss thought it was dangerous.

Marshall Chang Hsueh Liang

"We have put 7000 Communists into reformation. They are however very desperate for they fight for their lives. They are afraid of returning to their villages for there they would be killed by the villagers who know them. Thus we have to settle them far away.

"Our grip over Syechuan will increase as time goes on. Not only have we our military force there but they are spreading their ideas of unification.In Kivenchow and Yunnan it is the same."

GJ. "In Canton there is opposition to unification will the building of roads and the Hankow and Canton railway be a help to unification?"

Marshall "Yes, it will mean the spread of ideas also, and a cultural link with the South."

GJ. "What means have you in mind to extend the grip of the Central Government to Syechuan."

"We are planning motor roads."

GJ. "What are you doing that the South shall be military minded? I was in Changsha and these youngsters said that they wished to enter military institutes in order to fight Japan."

This tickled the Marshall and he seemed pleased.

"We believe in stress upon military training in order to strengthen the character of the young Chinese in general education.

G.J. "Has the Japanese aggression made any change in the policy of Central Government, ie. of co-operation towards the Japanese."

Obviously a brick, rather embarrassed, Marshall replies coldly in Chinese and Consul translates "I could reply, but that is a question on which I would rather not speak." Silence then laughter.

G.J. "Has the Nanking Government any plans for state industry?

In every country in the Far East I have seen advances of State Socialism.

G.J. "Do you lay great stress on aviation?"

G.J. "Mr Matsuoka said that China would in this century be filled either with the Bolshevism from Russia or with the spirit of Japonism. What do you think of that?"